The post-accident gathered information is restricted, by the authors, in order to be used only by authorized personnel such as insurance companies, criminological teams, or other authorities. Then the vehicle that has this information, transmits warning messages to nearby vehicles in order for the data to be disseminated along the road. In order to prevent accidents, the WSN islands constantly detect road conditions and transmit information to the vehicles passing by the area, which aggregate these data. Furthermore, the authors utilize two wireless standards i.e., IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11p due to the need for separate roadside sensor units. In the authors describe an integration of these existing islands deployed along the roadside, in order to be utilized for post-accident management and to prevent accidents. In recent years, various WSN have been deployed within cities resulting in the formation of small WSN based islands. In other-than-war operations all scales of WSNs and deployment methods are used. In urban warfare and force protection operations, WSNs used consist of hundreds of manually deployed nodes. For instance, in battlefield operations large-scale WSNs consisting of many thousands of nodes, which are non-manually deployed, are used. Additionally, the flexibility that WSNs have in their structure enables them to adapt to various requirements. Likewise, LADAR and infrared sensors are used for imaging purposes.
Similarly, RAdio Detection And Ranging (RADAR), LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR), LAser Detection And Ranging (LADAR) and ultrasonic sensors are used by nodes in WSNs in order to detect the distance from objects of interest.
To detect intrusion, WSNs may use infrared, photoelectric, laser, acoustic, and vibration sensors. Specifically, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive (CBRNE), and Toxic Industrial Material (TIM) sensors may be used to detect the presence of such substances.
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